"New Jerusalem" is the common name for the Resurrection New Jerusalem Stavropegic Monastery in Istra (Moscow Region).

The monastery was founded in 1656 according to the plans of Patriarch Nikon. He wanted to create a "Russian Palestine" near Moscow—a complex that would replicate the main Christian shrines of Jerusalem, so that believers could make pilgrimages without leaving Russia. At that time, the journey to the Holy Land was long and dangerous.

Nikon carefully prepared the site: the forest along the banks of the Istra River was cleared, and the hill where the monastery was founded was filled in and fortified. The surrounding area was given biblical names: the hill where the monastery stands was called Zion, the neighboring hill was called Eleon Hill, and another was called Tabor. The Istra River was renamed the Jordan (although this name did not catch on).

In 1657, the first wooden Resurrection Church was consecrated. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich attended the consecration. Surveying the buildings from the Mount of Olives, he exclaimed that the place was like Jerusalem, and for the first time called the monastery "New Jerusalem." In honor of this, a stone cross was erected on the Mount of Olives.

In 1658, the foundation stone for the stone Resurrection Cathedral was laid—it was intended to be a counterpart to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The patriarch himself oversaw the construction, but in 1666 he was exiled, and work was halted. Work resumed under Tsar Feodor Alexeevich, and the cathedral was consecrated in 1685.